When Does OSHA Require an Eyewash Station?
Workplaces that handle hazardous chemicals need more than proper storage and personal protective equipment. In certain situations, employees must also have immediate access to emergency eyewash facilities. An OSHA eyewash station can provide critical first aid when chemicals or other hazardous substances come into contact with the eyes. But when does OSHA actually require one?
When Is an Eyewash Station Required?
OSHA generally requires employers to provide suitable facilities for quickly drenching or flushing the eyes and body when an employee could be exposed to injurious or corrosive materials. The primary OSHA standard addressing emergency eyewash and safety shower facilities is 29 CFR 1910.151(c). It states that when an employee’s eyes or body may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing must be available within the work area for immediate emergency use.
In other words, an emergency eyewash station is generally necessary when employees could reasonably be exposed to substances that may cause eye injuries, chemical burns, or other serious harm.
What Are Corrosive Materials?
Corrosive substances can damage or destroy living tissue through chemical reactions. Common examples found in workplaces include certain:
- Acids
- Caustics and bases
- Cleaning chemicals
- Industrial chemicals
- Battery chemicals
- Chemical processing materials
The specific hazards depend on the chemical and how it is used. Employers should review safety data sheets, chemical labels, and workplace safety procedures to determine the potential health hazards associated with workplace chemicals.
Where Should An Eyewash Station Be Located?
An emergency eyewash station should be readily accessible and available for immediate use in the area where exposure could occur. Employees should not have to travel through multiple
rooms, navigate obstacles, or search for an eyewash station during a chemical exposure emergency.
OSHA’s standard does not specify one universal distance for every workplace. However, other applicable standards, industry requirements, or consensus standards, such as ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 guidance, may provide additional direction regarding eyewash station accessibility, location, testing, and equipment design.
Does Every Workplace Need An Eyewash Station?
No. OSHA does not require an eyewash station in every workplace simply because chemicals are present. The need depends on the potential for employees to be exposed to corrosive chemicals and the specific hazards associated with the work being performed. Employers should evaluate workplace hazards and consult applicable OSHA standards, safety data sheets, and other relevant requirements when determining what emergency eyewash equipment is necessary.
Why Is an Eyewash Station Important?
Chemical exposure can cause serious eye injuries in a matter of seconds. Having an emergency eyewash station nearby allows an employee to begin flushing their eyes immediately instead of wasting valuable time searching for a sink or other water source.
For workplaces that handle hazardous chemicals, emergency eyewash equipment is an important part of an overall workplace safety, chemical safety, and emergency response plan.
Keep Emergency Eyewash Equipment Accessible
Installing an eyewash station is only one part of being prepared. Employees should know where the emergency equipment is located, understand how to use it, and keep the area around the station clear and accessible. Regular inspection, testing, and maintenance are also essential to ensure the equipment is ready when a workplace emergency occurs.